apo a1 การใช้

• Apo A1 production is decreased by calcitriol, and increased by a drug that antagonizes it.
• Recombinant apo A1 Milano dimers formulated into liposomes can reduce atheromas in animal models by up to 30 %.
• Chylomicrons secreted from the intestinal enterocyte also contain apo A1, but it is quickly transferred to HDL in the bloodstream.
• Apo A1 was also isolated as a prostacyclin ( PGI2 ) stabilizing factor, and thus may have an anticlotting effect.
• Apo A1 Milano has also been shown in small clinical trials to have a statistically significant effect in reducing ( reversing ) plaque build-up on arterial walls.
• Exercise or statin treatment may cause an increase in HDL-C levels by inducing apo A1 production, but this depends on the G / A promoter polymorphism.
• One of four mutants of apo A1 is present in roughly 0.3 % of the Japanese population, but is found in 6 % of those with low HDL cholesterol levels.
• "Globally, 50 percent of the risk of a heart attack is predicted by the apo B / apo A1 ratio, " said the study's leader, Dr . Salim Yusef, a professor of medicine at McMaster University in Canada.
• This unusual observation was what lead Italian investigators to track down what was going on and lead to the discovery of apo A1 Milano ( the city, Milano, ~ 160 km away, in which the researcher's lab was located ).
• "' ApoA-1 Milano "'is a naturally occurring mutant of apo A1, found in a few families in Limone sul Garda, Italy, and, by genetic + church record family tree detective work, traced to a single individual in the 18th century.
• Biochemically, apo A1 contains an extra cysteine bridge, causing it to exist as a homodimer or as a heterodimer with apo A-II . However, the enhanced cardioprotective activity of this mutant ( which likely depends on fat & cholesterol efflux ) cannot easily be replicated by other cysteine mutants.
• As a major component of the high-density lipoprotein complex ( "'protective " fat removal " particles "'), apo A1 helps to clear fats, including cholesterol, from white blood cells within artery walls, making the WBCs less likely to become fat overloaded, transform into foam cells, die and contribute to progressive atheroma.